AGSSSC Shaker Identification Guide
This guide was prepared by Charity Everitt, Ellie Kuyers and Barbara White and presented at our 2004 annual convention. Comments are always welcome. This Guide was prepared with two purposes in mind:
To document definitions and standards used by the AGSSSC ID committee in naming unidentified shakers.
To assist collectors in finding the name of a shaker. References are to illustrations in The World of Salt Shakers Volume II or Volume III (L2 or L3) by Mildred and Ralph Lechner, and Glass Salt Shakers by Arthur G. Peterson (P).
References to SSNo are to shakers identified by the ID Committee and for which photos appear in supplements to “The Pioneer” and may now also be viewed by the link to the Visual Guide. Because many shakers of the same basic shape have been given different names (e.g. “ball” and “sphere”) we have tried to cross-reference shape and surface descriptions to give the collector as much assistance as possible.
When using this Guide note that it is organized into visual categories:
(1) Basic Shapes, Primary (the shaker’s silhouette, e.g. sphere, pillar)
(2) Basic Shapes, Secondary (additional characteristics of the shape, e.g. footed)
(3) Exterior Surface Design in the Mold (e.g. scrolls, ribs)
(4) Interior Surface Design in the Mold (e.g. IVT)
(5) Applied Surface Decoration or Treatment (e.g. HP, satinized)
(6) Glass Types (e.g. Peachblow, vaseline)
Start with the most obvious characteristic of the shaker and look in the appropriate table. Copious cross-references are supplied because the same shape or surface treatment may have been given different names. Sample references have been chosen to illustrate a variety of uses of the characteristic in a name. Examples also include some cases where the descriptive word does not appear at all in the name.
This guide is not intended to include all possible shapes, decoration or glass types, but only those for which we have known examples in salt shakers.
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AGSSSC Visual Shapes Guide |
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(1) Basic Shapes, Primary |
| Shape | Description | References |
| Apple | Spherical, may be footed. See also Ball, Globe, Marble and Sphere. | L2 p128 Apple, Little L2 p128 Apple, Little, Footed |
| Bale | A squarish tied bundle | L2 p43 Cotton Bale L2 p62 Creased Bale L3 p101 Bale, Pairpoint |
| Ball | Spherical, may be smooth or have interior or exterior surface pattern; may be footed. See also Apple, Globe, Marble and Sphere. | L2 p129 Ball Swirl L3 p169 Ball, Footed L3 p170 Ball, Venetian Diamond |
| Barrel | Any convex shape that curves in at the top and bottom; top and bottom diameters do not need to be the same. | L2 p97 Barrel, Vasa Murrhina L3 p102 Barrel, Footed Optic L3 p170 – 179 |
| Bell | Bell shaped, with a flare at the bottom. | L2 p35 Liberty Bell L2 p205 Bell, Fancy L2 p206 Bell, Little, etc. L3 p182 Bell, Ring Necked |
| Bulb or Bulbous | Shaped generally like a light bulb. The neck is longer and narrower than the pear shape (see Pear). The rounded body is generally a greater proportion of the shaker than the neck. Note: The bulb may be inverted, as L2 p95 Bulb, Footed, or more bell shaped, as L2 158 Bulb, Small Amberina. | L2 p120 Elongated Bulb L2 p210 Bulbous Ribbed L3 p31 Seaweed, Opalescent L3 p184 – 185 various |
| Bulging Base | In general, the bulged base is very prominent but takes a smaller portion of the shaker’s height than the neck. There is the effect of the base bulging out suddenly rather than gradually. | L2 p60 Bulge Bottom L2 p132 Bulging Base L2 p210 Bulging Base, Tall L3 p119 Bulging Base, Short |
| Cane | A cylindrical shape with raised rounded ribs bent or twisted into patterns. See also Column, Cylinder, Pillar or Tube. | L3 p265 Twisted Cane |
| Column | See also Pillar, Cylinder, Cane and Tube; has a tall and narrow look, may have other than straight sides or circular bottom, or look like a stack of several different elements. | L2 p213 Column, Tiny L3 p190 Column, Cross Base L3 p190 Column, Enlarged Base |
| Concave | An element of the shape, such as a panel, narrows inward. | L2 p214 Concave Crackle L3 p41 Concave Panel |
| Cone, Inverted | See also Tapered Up. Round or oval base, circumference diminishes from base to top. | L3 p191 Cone, Inverted Tapered L3 p191 Cone, Large Inverted |
| Corset | See Curved or Waist. Shape curves inward and then out again. | L3 p193 Corset, Elongated |
| Cube | See also Square. Square base and four sides. | L2 p119 Cube, Tall L3 p195 Cube, Tapered Shoulder |
| Curved | See Concave, Corset or Waist. Shape narrows inward from shoulder and then flares outward to the base. | L2 p164 Curved Body L2 p204 Beaded Panel, Concave L3 p29 Curved Body, Atterbury’s |
| Cylinder | See Also Cane, Column, Pillar and Tube; generally a narrow and tall shape with circular base, straight sides and a smooth outer surface. For future naming this should be restricted to circular base and straight sides – “cylinder” is defined geometric form. | L2 p219 various L3 p197 – 200 |
| Dome | Dome shape with curved sides. | L2 p135 Dome L3 p204 Dome, Little etc. |
| Egg | Oval egg shape, may be upright or on its side, or be contained in a base. | L2 p138 Egg, Flat End L2 p136 Egg in Blossom L2 p139 Egg, Flat Side |
| Food | Examples: Corn, Egg, Melon, Pear, Tomato | |
| Globe | Globe-shaped. See Apple, Ball, Marble, Sphere. | L3 p25 Globe, Columbian |
| Hexagon | Six-sided base and six distinct sides or panels | L2 p56 Hexagon Pyramid |
| Marble | Spherical, generally smaller than Apple, Ball, Globe or Sphere | L3 p35 Marble Shaped |
| Melon | A lobed globe or oval shape, generally taller than wide. See also Tomato. | L2 p47 Melon, Nine Rib L2 p91 Melon, Ribbed L3 p72 Melon, Gillinder |
| Narrow Base | Shaker may be any shape (barrel, square) but the body narrows at the base. | L2 p130 Barrel, Narrow Based L2 p148 Narrow Based Bulb L3 p122 IVT Tapered Peg Peterson 38Q Scroll, Narrow Base |
| Neck, Slender | Neck is a longer proportion of the shaker than the body. | L2 p96 or L3 p76 Slender Neck |
| Octagon | Eight-sided base and 8 distinct sides or panels. | L3 p231 Octagon Panel L3 p232 Octagon Beauty |
| Pear | Pear-shaped, body curves gently outward from narrower neck to full rounded body. See Bulb or Bulbous. | L3 p238 – 239 |
| Pillar | See also Cane, Column, Cylinder and Tube; generally a narrow and tall shape with circular base with straight sides. Surface may be ribbed or smooth; base may be other than round, or the shaker as a whole may simply have a tall, narrow look to it. For future naming this should be restricted to straight sides; if it has other than straight sides call it a column. | L2 p148 various L2 p122 Pillar, Leaf Based L2 p148 Pillar, Tall |
| Pyramid | Base is other than round or oval. Shape tapers up from larger base to smaller top. | L2 p56 Hexagon, Pyramid L2 p247 Pyramid, Cut-Off L3 p245 Pyramid, Studded |
| Round Shapes | See Apple, Ball, Globe, Marble, or Sphere; basic shape is a sphere or slightly flattened sphere. | |
| Skirt | Shape is as a flared circular skirt; may be similar to a dome. | L3 p254 Skirt L3 p254 Skirt, Wide Pleat |
| Sphere or Spheroid | Spherical (generally); may be smooth or have interior or exterior surface pattern; may be footed. See also Apple, Ball, Globe or Marble. | L2 p151 various L2 p201 Banded Sphere L3 p113 various |
| Square | See also Cube. Four sides, flat bottom. May be taller than wide, or have shape other than simple rectangle. | L2 p58 Square Twist L2 p257 Square Panel L3 p256 Square, Tapered Peterson 161U or L2 p121 Foursquare |
| Stopper | Bulges at the shoulder, concave taper to a narrower base; shape is reminiscent of a bottle stopper. See also Tapered Down. | L3 p92 Bulging Stopper |
| Tapered Down | Round or oval base. Tapers down from larger at the top to smaller at the base. See also Stopper and Footed. | L3 p83 Pleat Band L3 p264 Triangle, Inverted |
| Tapered Up | See also Cone, Inverted. Round or oval base. Tapers up from a larger base to a smaller shoulder. | L3 p260 Tapered Speckle L3 p193 Craquelle, Tapered |
| Tomato | Slightly squat oval with large lobes. | L2 p152 and p156 |
| Tube | Same as Cylinder; always has a circular base. See also Column, Pillar and Cane. | L3 p147 Tube, Ring Based |
| Tulip | Tulip shape, or reversed bell opening at the top. See also Urn. | L2 p84 Lamb’s Tongue (Tulip, Footed) |
| Urn | A vase on a pedestal. See also Tulip. | L3 p237 Paneled Urn L3 p240 Pedestal Vasa L3 p91 Sultan |
| Waist or Waisted | See also Curved or Corset. Shape is constricted around the middle. | L2 p50 Ribbon Band L3 p65 Optic Rib L3 p267 Waisted Spirals |
| (2) Basic Shapes, Secondary |
| Shape | Description | References |
| Bulge or Bulging | See also Bulging Base. This may refer to separate bulges on a basic shape (as Bulging Loops) or to the entire shaker (as Bulging Baroque). | L2 p41 Bulging Loops L2 p41 Bulging Leaf L3 p45 Torquay, Bulging Short L3 p185 Bulging Baroque |
| Creased Neck | See also Ring Neck. Pronounced ring just below the neck threads. Generally used with columns or pillars. | L2 p216-217 various L3 p119 C.N. Unfired Burmese |
| Feet | See also Peg Legs. The base doesn’t sit flat but has three or more protrusions that rest on the table. | L3 p63 Cactus, Fenton’s L3 p64 Fenton No. 4409 L3 p158 Bohemian |
| Footed | See Pedestal. The base is distinctly separate from the shaker body and the shaker rests on that one base. | L2 p176 Footed Four Panel L2 p228 Footed Six Lobe L3 p83 Pleat Band L3 p211 Footed Six Pea |
| Little | See also Short and Tiny. | L2 p188 Acorn, Little L2 p203 Barrel, Little |
| Lobed | Curved or rounded projections or divisions (may also be called “ribs” if they are narrow.) See Ribbed. | L2 p143 Lobe, Four L2 p144 Lobe, Five etc. L3 p226 Lobed Elegance |
| Neck Ring | See Ring Neck or Creased Neck. | |
| Paneled | Has a number of distinct sides separated by other design elements such as ribs or scrolls; panels may be flat or curved and may contain other design elements within the panel. | L2 p32 Panel, Christmas L2 p65 Panel, Four Dot L3 p90 Paneled Hexagons |
| Pedestal | See Footed. The base is distinctly separate from the shaker body and the shaker rests on that one base. | L3 p240 Pedestal Vasa |
| Peg Legs | See Feet, Knobby feet or protrustions on the base of the shaker. | L2 p89 Peg Leg, Tall L3 p240 Peg Leg, Round |
| Pinched | Shaker has pinched-in areas. | L2 p129 Pinched-In Sides L3 p109 MOP Pinched-In Diamond Quilt |
| Rib or Ribbed | Raised or indented vertical divisions covering all or part of the shaker (may also be horizontal ribs, cf. L3 p248 Ribbed, Concentric). Note: wide vertical ribs on the inside surface are referred to as Optic Ribs. See also Lobed. | L2 p46 Half Ribbed L2 p49 Rib Triple, Rib Alternating L2 p65 Little Shrimp L2 p92 Rib, Scrolled L3 p124-125 all L3 p248-249 all |
| Ring Neck | See also Creased Neck. Pronounced ring at the neck. | L2 p99 Ring Neck Stripe L3 p54 Beaded Bulb L3 p79 Ring Neck Variant |
| Short | See also Little and Tiny. Used as a comparison, to denote a standard shape that is noticeably smaller than other examples. | L3 p119 Bulging Base Short L3 p45 Torquay Bulging Short L3 p248 Ribbed Shorty |
| Shoulder, Concave | The area below the neck is a concave curve into the main body. | L3 p98 Fish Pond L3 p140 Nestor |
| Shoulder, Flat | The area below the neck and above the main body is flat. | L2 p157 Tapered Amberina Barrel L3 p122 IVT Tapered Pegs |
| Shouldered, Rounded or Tapered | The area below the neck is a convex curve downward into the main body. | L2 p156 Creased Neck Country House Condiment L2 p260 Tapered Shoulder Variant L3 p42 Challinor shakers |
| Shoulder, Sloped | The area downward from the neck into the main body has a flat silhouette. | L3 p86 Gibson Girl L3 p104 Creased Neck, Tapered |
| Size | Short, Tall, Little, Mini, Wide, Big, etc. Used primarily to distinguish between two sizes of the same pattern. | |
| Swirls | Ribs or lines that go diagonally around the shaker body. They may be straight or twist. | L2 p51 Swirl various L2 p67 Swirl and Leaf L2 p258-259 various |
| Tall | May be used in two ways: (1) Shaker is 3″ or more in height, or (2) may be used to distinguish the taller of two similar shapes even if it is less than 3″ tall (e.g. Bulging Base L2 p132 and Bulging Base, Tall L2 p210. | (1) L2 p66 Pansy, Tall (1) L3 p130 Barrel, Tall Optic (2) L3 p183 Bell, Tall (2) L3 p226 Little Columns, Tall |
| Tiny | See also Little and Short. | L2 p236 IVT Tiny L2 p213 Column Tiny |
| Twists | See Swirls. | L3 p265 Twisted Cane L3 p256 Twist Pillar |
| (3) Exterior Surface Design in the Mold |
| Design | Description | References |
| Band or Banded | Horizontal design element circling the shaker. See also Ring. | L2 p36 Banded Shells L2 p246 Plain Band, Footed Peterson 21 0 Banded Raindrops |
| Beads | Rows of small raised dots, as a string of beads. See also Pearls and Raindrops. | L2 p41 Beaded Panel, Vertical L2 p184 Beaded Square L3 p180 all Peterson 154H Bead and Panel etc. |
| Birds, Animals, etc. | Examples: Thrush, Hen, Butterfly, Rabbit. | L2 p58 Thrush L2 p74 Butterfly L2 p78 Hen and Rabbit L3 p186 Butterfly, Large |
| Block | See also Waffle. Design of all-over raised even-sided geometric figures (square, hexagon). | L2 p82 Block and Star L2 p54 Red Block and Lattice L2 p191 or L3 159 Hexagon Block |
| Cane, Woven | (1) one or more bands of alternating points and buttons (2) bands that look literally like cane or rattan. | (1) L3 p166 Scroll and Cane Band (1) Peterson 24F and 24G Cane … (2) L2 p53 and Peterson 24J Cane Woven |
| Circle | Raised circles as design element or frame. | L2 p170 Circled Scroll L2 p213 and Peterson 24W Circle and Fan |
| Curtain | Raised downward-arcing ribs. See also Swags and Scallops. | Peterson 24K Curtain Peterson 24L Curtain and Block |
| Daisy and Button | Generally an all over pattern consisting of raised daisies with buttons filling the spaces between. | L2 p196 Daisy and Button Westmoreland’s L2 p219 Daisy and Button, Barrel L3 p200-201 various |
| Diamond | (1) Surface area covered with sharp raised points. See also Sawtooth. (2) A diamond shape frames an area on the shaker. | (1) L2 p221 Diamond Base (1) L3 p203 Diamond Point Tapered (2) L2 p221 Diamond Panels (2) Peterson 159D Diamond Window |
| Eyes | Round or oval raised bumps. See also Hobnail. | L2 p24 Thousand Eye L2 p56 and Peterson 28J Eye Winker |
| Fan | Raised design of fan. Ribs may be straight or curl at the ends. See also Plume and Shell. | L2 p63 Double Fan Band L2 p225 various Peterson 160M Fan and Feather |
| Feather | Raised design resembling a feather; in some cases what is called a feather resembles a herringbone. | L2 p226 Feather Panel L3 p159 Feather Band L3 p208 and Peterson 28P Feather, Fine |
| Flowers, Plants | Examples: Cone, Corn, Grape, Pansy, Tulip, Vine | L2 p42 Cone L2 p61 Corn, Corn Sphere L2 p77 Grape, Four Leaf etc. L2 p163 Aster, Tall L2 p90 Tulip, Fostoria’s L2 p86 Clinging Vine |
| Hobnail | All over pattern of raised or sunken bumps. May be rounded or pointed. See also Eyes. | L2 p232 Hobnail, Sunk-in L2 p25 Hobnail in Square L3 p64 Hobnail Condiment Set |
| Honeycomb | All over pattern of six-sided indentations. This pattern may be on the exterior or the interior. Interior pattern is generally called Honeycomb, Optic. | L2 p233 Honeycomb, Beehive L2 p234 Honeycomb, Tall L3 p53 Honeycomb, Vikings L3 p217 Honeycomb, Collared |
| Ladder | See also Zipper. Narrow vertical band of sharp notches. | L2 p236 and L3 p223 Ladder, Little Peterson 32C Ladder with Diamond Peterson 164 P, Q and R Ladder… |
| Leaf or Leaves | Raised leaf shapes. | L2 p64-65 various L3 p224 various |
| Ovals, Raised | See Eyes, Hobnail, Teardrops | |
| Pearls | Circular raised bumps, larger than beads. See also Beads and Raindrops. | L2 p244 Pearly Gates L2 p244 Pearls and Scrolls |
| Pinwheel | See also Whirlwind. Lines or points swirling around a center. | Peterson 168R Pinwheel, Cannonball |
| Pleated | Small ribs or gathered pattern over all or a portion of the shaker body. | L2 p38 Pleated Skirt L3 p48 Regina L3 p49 Annie |
| Plume | Raised fan-like design. See also Fan and Shell. | L2 p246 Plume Panel |
| Raindrops | Circular raised bumps. See also Beads, Eyes, Hobnail and Pearls. | Peterson 21O Banded Raindrops |
| Ribbon | (1) A raised design of a ribbon tied around the shaker. See also Band. (2) Can refer to vertical stripes. See Stripe. | (1) L2 p50 or Peterson 37A Ribbon Band (1) L2 p250 Ribbon Tie (2) L2 p98 Opal Ribbon, Vertical |
| Ring or Ringed | One or more horizontal rings circle the shaker body. See also Band. | L2 p94 Ring Band L3 p212 Four Ring L3 p250 Ring Salt |
| Round Bumps | See Beads, Eyes, Hobnail, Pearls, Raindrops. | |
| Sawtooth | See also Diamond (1). Surface covered with sharp raised points. | L2 p253 Sawtooth Peterson 38I Sawtooth and Star Peterson 171M Sawtooth and Window |
| Scallops | A scallop shell or curved lobes similar to the edge of a shell. See also Curtain and Swags. | L2 p108 Scalloped Skirt L2 p254 Scalloped Neck L3 p252 Scallop Shell and Seaweed |
| Scrolls | Raised curls, twining or twisting patterns, curlicues. (Elaborate scrolling is also a characteristic of Wavecrest shakers; see Wavecrest). | L2 p49 Rib and Scroll L2 p50 various L3 p253 various Peterson 38V Scroll, Trellis |
| Shell | Raised shell design. See also Fan and Plume. | L2 p175 Shell L2 p225 Fan, Beaded Peterson 39K Shell, Overlapping |
| Star | Design with points or rays, sometimes with a button at the center. See also Sunburst. | L2 p198 Star and Diamond L3 p257 Star and Rib Peterson 173C – 173M |
| Stripe | See Ribbon(2). Vertical stripes that do not twist or swirl. | L2 p99 Ring Neck Stripe L3 p80 Stripe, Hobbs Wide |
| Sunburst | See also Star. | Peterson 174C – 174G |
| Swags | Raised design of swags. See also Curtain and Scallops. | L2 p93 Bead Swag L2 p107 or Peterson 174J Swag with Brackets |
| Teardrops | Raised teardrop shapes, usually in rows. | L2 p185 Teardrop, Paneled L3 p66 Teardrop, Bulging |
| Thumbprint | Round or oval indentations as if made by a thumb. Many shakers with this name have the indentations as an overall pattern on the interior surface, which is called IVT or inverted thumbprint. | L2 p24 Thumbprint, Ruby L2 p125 Thumbprint, Wavecrest L3 p261 Thumbprint, Four L3 p262 Thumbprint on Spearhead |
| Waffles | See also Block. Design of all-over raised or recessed squares. | L2 p33 Waffle, Octagon L3 p267 Waffle with Starbursts |
| Whirlwind | See also Pinwheel. Lines or points swirling around a center. | Peterson 43O Whirlwind |
| Zipper | See also Ladder. Narrow vertical band of sharp notches generally (but not always) occurring up the corners of a shaker. | L2 p172 Zippered Block L3 p33 Zipper, Belmont Peterson 43V Zippered Diamond |
| (4) Interior Surface Design in the Mold |
| Design | Description | References |
| Honeycomb, Optic | Overall honeycomb pattern on the interior surface. | L2 p233 Honeycomb, Rubina Verde L3 p218 Honeycomb, Large L3 p218 Honeycomb Sphere, Short |
| Panels, Optic | Panels on the interior are designated “optic.” See also Ribs, Optic. | L3 p233 Optic Paneling |
| Ribs, Optic | Ribs on the inside surface are generally referred to as “optic ribs,” although the term has been used for shakers with wide or deep ribs on the exterior, e.g. L2 p 198 “Optic, West Virginia’s” and p199 “Optic, Nine Rib.” See also Panels, Optic. | L2 p35 Ribbed Inside L3 p109 Optic Ribs, Bulging L3 p234 Optic Ribs, Twelve Tall |
| Thumbprint, called Inverted Thumbprint or IVT | Overall pattern of round or oval (or sometimes six-sided as the honeycomb) indentations on the interior surface. | L2 p36 Thumbprint, Swirl-Based L2 p236 IVT, Tiny L3 p222 Inverted Thumbprint, Small L3 p262 Thumbprint, Irregular |
| (5) Applied Surface Decoration or Treatment |
| Type | Description | References |
| Coralene | Decoration achieved by embedding small colored beads in an enamel matrix prior to heating the glass. | L2 p135 Creased Neck, Coralene L3 p192 Coralene on Bristol |
| Crown Milano | Decoration type by Mt. Washington. Pattern molded opaque white glass, usually with gold and enamel design HP on a lightly tinted background. Shakers are often ribbed pillars. | L2 p135 |
| Cut | Design is cut into the surface by mechanical means, e.g. wheel or needle. See also Etched. | L3 p246 Regal |
| Enamel | Heavily applied paint that stands up from the surface, often as small dots to create flowers. | L2 p122 Panel, Tapered L2 p138 Decorated Burmese L3 p113 Sphere, Small Honeycomb |
| Etched | (1) Generally refers to a design made by eating into the shaker’s surface with acid. See also Frosted. (2) Also used to denote shallow design made by mechanical means (e.g. wheel or needle). See also Cut. | (1) L2 p161 Pomona, Cornflower (2) L3 p38 Cambridge #1266 |
| Frosted | Chrystal clear glass whose surface has been acid treated or grit blasted which makes the glass translucent. See Sanitized. | L2 p54 Flower and Pleat L3 p157 Tear, Tiggin L3 p232 Octagon, Skirt |
| Hand Painted (HP) | Paint applied by hand (as opposed to a transfer decoration). | L2 p139 Egg-Like L2 p225 Elvira’s Butterfly L3 p75 Cartouche |
| Jewels | Small glass beads, sometimes gilt, applied and look like they have been glued on. | L3 p116 Barrel, Honeycomb, Rigaree Flowered |
| Kelva | Decoration type by C.F.Monroe. Mottled, batik-like background applied to opalware glass as the backdrop to HP flowers. Ref. Wave Crest, The Glass of C.F.Monroe by W. Cohen. | L2 p121 Kelva and Kelva, Small L2 p123 Pillar, Leaf Based Kelva L3 p94 Cube, Shortened Kelva |
| Mary Gregory type | Generally high quality enamel or HP design in white, often of children, on transparent colored glass. | L2 p20 Mary Gregory L2 p20 Mary Gregory type L3 p256 Square, Royal |
| Nakara | Decoration type by C.F.Monroe. Shaker may be simple shape with rococo scrolling: deep rich background colors, beaded enameling and transfer pattern of person or scene. Ref. Wave Crest, The Glass of C.F.Monroe by W. Cohen. | L2 p119 Creased Neck, Nakara L3 p95 Nakara |
| Pomona | Etched, stained designs on a frosted ground achieved with wax resist and acid. Called “first ground” or “second ground” depending on the method used. Refer to L2 p161 or Kenneth Wilson’s book p353 for further description of “first ground” vs “second ground.” | L2 p161 Pomona, Cornflower Decorated L3 p134 Pomona, Blueberry and Leaf |
| Rigaree | Fused on ornamentation made of individual pieces of clear or colored glass; see also Jewels. | L3 p116 Barrel Honeycomb, Rigaree Flowered L3 p250 Rigaree, Tall |
| Satinized | See Frosted | L2 p46 Half Cone L3 p174 Barrel, Honeycomb Expanded Base |
| Transfer | Decoration created by decal transfer. Pattern will be made of tiny dots when examined under a magnifying glass. | L2 p120 Elongated Bulb L3 p92 Bulging Stopper, Wavecrest |
| Wavecrest | Decoration type by C.F.Monroe. Shaker often has ornate scrolling in the mold. Basic ID is best done by shape; Ref. Wave Crest, The Glass of C.F.Monroe by W. Cohen. Earlier shakers are HP; later shakers combine HP and transfer. Surface may be glossy or dull. | L2 p122 Pearl Wavecrest L3 p96 Various |
| (6) Glass Types |
| Type | Description | References |
| Agata | High gloss mottled finish produced by coating a piece of peachblow glass with a metallic stain, spattering the surface with alcohol, and firing. Result looks like oil drops floating on a watery surface. | L2 p158 Agata L3 p128, 129 Agata |
| Agate | Same as Marbled, Slag and Variegated. | |
| Amberina | Heat sensitive homogeneous glass shades from deep red at neck to amber at base; opposite shading is called “reverse amberina.” | L2 p157 Tapered Amberina Barrel L3 p266 Twist Pillar |
| Amberina, Plated | Amberina glass plated over white glass. | L3 p131 Curved Ribbing |
| Aurene | See also Iridescent. Steuben Glass Works’ iridescent glass. | L2 p182 Blue Aurene |
| Bluerina | Plated glass shades from light blue to dark ruby or cranberry, or from cranberry to blue. Also called “ruby sapphire.” | SSNo: 862 Wee Puff Ball L2 p258 Stanley’s Bluerina |
| Bluina | Plated glass shades from light or dark blue to clear. | L3 p132 Honeycomb, Tapering Barrel |
| Bristol | Thin, lightweight, translucent glass usually decorated with enamel. Originated in Bristol, England in the 17th and 18th centuries. Now the name is applied to translucent glass from England or the Continent. | L2 p209 Bristol, Ring Base L3 p192 Coralene on Bristol |
| Burmese | Single layer, homogeneous, opaque; shades from salmon pink to pale yellow; color shading will be the same on the interior surface; fluoresces under black light. | L2 p130 Barrel, Ribbed Burmese L2 p133 Burmese, Glossy L3 p163 Burmese, Webb Decorated |
| Cameo | A form of cased glass; a shell of glass is prepared, then one or more layers of different colored glass are applied to it. A design is then cut through the outer layer(s) to form the design. | L2 p211 Cameo |
| Cased | Two or more layers of glass. See Flashed. Some authors restrict “cased” to where the additional layer(s) of glass are applied to the inside of the glass shell. | L2 p67 Swirl and Leaf L2 p83 Jacqueline L3 p55 Corn |
| Chocolate | An opaque brown glass; ranges in color from dark rich chocolate to a lighter, coffee with cream hue. Also called “caramel.” Developed by Indiana Tumbler & Goblet Co.; also made by National Glass and later, Fenton. | L2 p104 Chrysanthemum Leaf L2 p104 Caramel Leaf Bracket |
| Clambroth | A pale shade of translucent glass much like milky dishwater. | L2 p209 Bristol, Ring Base |
| Coin Spot or Polka Dot | An opalescent dot design; generally (but not consistently) “coin spot” refers to a white dot and “polka dot” is where the dot is the glass color outlined in white. | L2 p84 Polka Dot L2 p98 Opal Coin Spot L2 p98 Polka Dot Swirl (Opalescent Windows) L3 p244 Polka Dot |
| Crackle or Craquelle | Apparent random cracks throughout give the shaker the appearance of cracking ice. Effect was created by putting the hot piece into cold water and then reheating and reblowing it. | L2 p109 Crackle, Bulbous Base L2 p214 Concave Crackle L3 p194 Creased Neck, Craquelle |
| Cranberry | Originally called “ruby,” this color has a violet tinge to it. The glass formula contained gold to achieve the color. Some old cranberry glass is plated with a thin ruby interior and an outer layer of clear crystal. Some glass called cranberry was made with cheaper copper to achieve the color. | L2 p174 Paneled Sprig L3 p217 Hockey Puck |
| Custard | Opaque yellow, white or green glass that fluoresces under black light. | L2 p94 Punty Band and Ring Band L2 p202 Barrel, Custard L3 p75 Winged Scroll |
| Findlay Onyx | Onyx glass contains metallic substances which produce various colors when heated. The silver/platinum luster is homogeneous glass; the other colors are cased. | L2 p55 Findlay Onyx L2 p56 Rose Findlay Onyx L3 p51 various |
| Flashed | Two layers of glass, one is thin and clear, the other colored. See also Cased and Plated. | |
| Holly Amber | Also called Golden Agate. Translucent rich golden amber glass, opalescent | L2 p105 Holly Amber L3 p284-285 |
| Homogeneous | The glass mix contains a uniform color throughout from the outer to the inner surface. | |
| Iridescent | Glass appears to have shiny metallic surface, resulting from metallic gasses being absorbed into the glass while it is hot. See also Aurene. | L2 p187 Tiffany |
| Iverene | Whitish translucent glass with iridescent surface. Made by Steuben Glass. | L3 p154 Iverene |
| Marbled | See Agate, Slag and Variegated | L2 p38 Marble Glass Box |
| MOP (Mother of Pearl) | Opaque satinized with various surface patterns created by air trapped between the glass layers. | L2 p145 – 147 various L3 p122 – 123 Various |
| Multi-layered | The shaker contains two or more layers of glass. See Cased, Flashed, Plated, Cameo. Multiple layers can be detected by examining the rim for the various layers. | |
| Opalescent | Glass has raised white designs on the inner or outer surface. See also Coin Spot and Polka Dot. | L2 p175 Spanish Lace |
| Peachbloom | Two layered (see Cased); inside is white opal glass, outside shades from deep rose to pale pink. | L3 p244 Peachbloom L3 p148 – 149 |
| Peachblow, Mt. Washington | Variation of the Mt. Washington Burmese formula; shades from pink at the top to pale blue or gray. Color shading will be the same on the interior surface. | L2 p131 Barrel, Ribbed Mt. Washington L3 p125 Pillar, Ribbed Mt. Washington |
| Peachblow, New England | Single layer homogeneous shades from deep red at top to white or creamy white at the base. | L2 p160 – 162 various |
| Peachblow, Wheeling | Two layered (see Plated); inside is white opal glass, outside shades from fuchsia red at top to golden yellow at base. | L2 p100 Wheeling Peachblow |
| Pigeon Blood | A deep orange-red colored transparent glass with a very definite orange glow. | L2 p51 Torquay L2 p110 Flower Band |
| Plated | Two or more layers of glass. Some authors differentiate this from casing in that the thin skin of glass is applied to the outside of the glass shell. | L3 p131 Curved Ribbing |
| Polka Dot | See Coin Spot | L3 p244 Polka Dot |
| Rose Amber | Mt. Washington’s Amberina | L3 p126 Rose Amber |
| Rubina | Flashed glass that shades from ruby or deep cranberry to clear crystal, usually from top to bottom. | L2 p100 Thumbprint, Concave L2 p253 Rubina Optic |
| Rubina Verde | Flashed glass that shades from ruby or deep cranberry at the top to light green or greenish yellow at base. | L2 p252 Rubina Verde, Honeycomb L2 253 Rubina Verde, Footed |
| Slag | See also Variegated. Color variations are achieved by the incomplete mixing of colors, resulting in streaks or swirls. | L2 p39 Slag L2 p239 Mixup |
| Spangled | Cased glass in which flecks or spangles, often mica, are embedded between inner and outer layers. See also Vasa Murrhina. | L2 p175 Zippered Corner L3 p80 Spangled Glass, Hobbs |
| Spatter | Cased glass in which the initial gather is rolled in small pieces of one or more other colors of glass; the entire gather is then coated with another layer. The result is a glass that has small spots of color spread over the surface. Similar to Spangled or Vasa Murrhina but without the mica or other mteals. | L2 p57 Spatter, Findlay L3 p31 Yarn L3 p66 Spatter glass Swirl |
| Speckled | Outer surface is rolled in tiny bits of colored glass which bond to the surface, usually leaving it bumpy. | L3 p37 Reverse Swirl, Optic |
| Stained | All or part of a glass surface is stained with a colored fluid which is then fired to bake on the color. | L2 p107 Ribbed Thumbprint L3 p267 Waffle Columns |
| Variegated | See also Agate, Marbled and Slag. Variations in color are achieved by the incomplete mixing of colors. | L2 p45 Flower Assortment L3 p44 Leaning L3 p45 Rib, Triple |
| Vasa Murrhina | Glass has a transparent outer layer containing mica or pieces of colored glass. See also Spangled. | L2 p97 Barrel, Vasa Murrhina L2 p99 Ring Neck |
| Vaseline | Usually transparent yellow or green glass that fluoresces yellow green under black light. | L2 p242 Panel and Star L3 p152 Ransom |